391.41 — FMCSR Section Aggregate
FMCSR section <strong>391.41</strong> is a 49 CFR 391.41 heading whose specific sub-paragraphs (e.g. <code>391.41(a)</code>, <code>391.41(b)</code>) carry the enforcement citations. The section heading itself isn't an enforceable code, but each sub-paragraph cited under it does feed the carrier's Safety Measurement System (SMS) profile. This aggregate page reports <strong>201,081</strong> citations across <strong>13</strong> sub-paragraph variants of 391.41, including out-of-service rate, top enforcing states, most-cited carriers, and recent inspections. <strong>98,539</strong> of those (49.0%) resulted in Out-of-Service orders at the roadside. Pick a sub-paragraph row below to drill down to its specific definition, severity weight, and citation trend.
FMCSR section 391.41 is a 49 CFR 391.41 heading whose specific sub-paragraphs (e.g. 391.41(a), 391.41(b)) carry the enforcement citations. The section heading itself isn't an enforceable code, but each sub-paragraph cited under it does feed the carrier's Safety Measurement System (SMS) profile. This aggregate page reports 201,081 citations across 13 sub-paragraph variants of 391.41, including out-of-service rate, top enforcing states, most-cited carriers, and recent inspections. 98,539 of those (49.0%) resulted in Out-of-Service orders at the roadside. Pick a sub-paragraph row below to drill down to its specific definition, severity weight, and citation trend.
Section-level aggregate view
The FMCSA's violation dictionary tracks citations against specific paragraphs of each CFR section
(391.41(a),
391.41(b), etc.).
The section heading 391.41
itself isn't an enforceable code and has no FMCSA definition on file, but the numbers below
aggregate every citation issued against a sub-paragraph in this section. Pick a sub-paragraph
row to see its specific definition, citation trend, and co-occurring violations.
Sub-paragraphs with citations
Top 13 variants of 391.41 that have recorded violations. Click a code to see its definition and detail page.
| Code | Label | Events | OOS | OOS % | Severity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 391.41APC | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency | 63,413 | 61,746 | 97.4% | 1 |
| 391.41(a) | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency. History of either failing to produce a medical certificate or having an expired medical certificate. | 42,355 | 6,940 | 16.4% | 1 |
| 391.41(a)(1) | 391.41(a)(1) | 35,686 | 5,946 | 16.7% | — |
| 391.41A-MCPC | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate. | 32,451 | 5,172 | 15.9% | 1 |
| 391.41A | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency. History of either failing to produce a medical certificate or having an expired medical certificate. | 11,687 | 5,892 | 50.4% | 1 |
| 391.41B10-MC | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a commercial vehicle without corrective lenses or hearing aid as indicated on the driver's medical certificate. | 7,531 | 7,321 | 97.2% | 2 |
| 391.41A-MCPVI | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a passenger-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state driver’s licensing agency when medical certification is required. | 3,247 | 3,063 | 94.3% | 1 |
| 391.41A1-NPH | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate - no previous history. | 2,610 | 570 | 21.8% | 1 |
| 391.41(a)-FPC | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate. Previously Cited on [DATE] | 1,340 | 1,280 | 95.5% | 1 |
| 391.41A1-FPC | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate. Previously Cited on [DATE] | 433 | 413 | 95.4% | 1 |
| 391.41A1-MCOOS | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a commercial motor vehicle while not medically certified as physically qualified to do so. | 172 | 68 | 39.5% | 1 |
| 391.41A1-P | Operating a passenger-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate. | 121 | 95 | 78.5% | 1 |
| 391.41A1-LOC | No medical certificate in driver''s possession - vision, hearing, insulin using, epilepsy or any condition causing loss of consciousness | 35 | 33 | 94.3% | 1 |
Top enforcement states
Last 180 days, aggregated across every sub-paragraph of 391.41.
| State | Events | OOS | OOS % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvania | 1,856 | 1575 | 84.9% |
| New Jersey | 1,541 | 1413 | 91.7% |
| Michigan | 1,263 | 1178 | 93.3% |
| Maryland | 1,223 | 1198 | 98.0% |
| Massachusetts | 990 | 927 | 93.6% |
| Florida | 855 | 812 | 95.0% |
| New York | 741 | 730 | 98.5% |
| Texas | 692 | 638 | 92.2% |
| North Carolina | 671 | 618 | 92.1% |
| Georgia | 630 | 609 | 96.7% |
| Ohio | 583 | 571 | 97.9% |
| Illinois | 526 | 454 | 86.3% |
| Arizona | 447 | 433 | 96.9% |
| Kentucky | 434 | 318 | 73.3% |
| Alabama | 407 | 401 | 98.5% |
Top inspection stations
Last 180 days, aggregated across every sub-paragraph of 391.41.
| Station | Events | OOS % |
|---|---|---|
| NJ | 152 | 86.8% |
| MI | 151 | 90.7% |
| PISCATAWAY SCALE | 121 | 95.9% |
| GARSON CHECKSITE | 117 | 86.3% |
| HERBERTSVILLE CVI | 103 | 93.2% |
| TX | 91 | 94.5% |
| I-94EB@WATER ST | 88 | 100.0% |
| SLOAN CHECKSITE | 71 | 80.3% |
| JERSEY GARDENS MALL | 61 | 80.3% |
| H-ROWLEY | 50 | 100.0% |
Most-cited carriers
Cited for any sub-paragraph of 391.41. Page 1 of 4767.
| # | Carrier | USDOT | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FEDERAL EXPRESS CORPORATION | 86876 | 327 |
| 2 | UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC | 21800 | 155 |
| 3 | COMPASS GROUP USA INC | 132504 | 101 |
| 4 | KEYSTONE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES INC | 778752 | 74 |
| 5 | PENSKE TRUCK LEASING CO LP | 327574 | 74 |
| 6 | VESTIS SERVICES LLC | 221707 | 71 |
| 7 | GARCIA AYALA TRUCKING LLC | 3968418 | 65 |
| 8 | HOME EXPRESS DELIVERY SERVICE LLC | 2714701 | 59 |
| 9 | SAKARA LLC | 4429530 | 57 |
| 10 | SUPLICIUM TRANSPORT LLC | 4381255 | 57 |
| 11 | RYDER TRUCK RENTAL INC | 16130 | 51 |
| 12 | J B HUNT TRANSPORT INC | 80806 | 51 |
| 13 | UNITED RENTALS (NORTH AMERICA) INC | 899748 | 50 |
| 14 | JES CONSTRUCTION LLC | 1019809 | 45 |
| 15 | SWIFT TRANSPORTATION COMPANY OF ARIZONA LLC | 54283 | 44 |
| 16 | DRIVERDO LLC | 2841522 | 43 |
| 17 | ROLLING FRITO LAY SALES LP | 926150 | 43 |
| 18 | WORLDWIDE TECH INC | 4136046 | 41 |
| 19 | HAULDEX LLC | 4489350 | 41 |
| 20 | AARON'S LLC | 363 | 40 |
| 21 | HORIZEN LLC | 4400234 | 40 |
| 22 | GENERAL WHOLESALE COMPANY | 187780 | 39 |
| 23 | CITY ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY | 641640 | 39 |
| 24 | TRUGREEN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP | 342305 | 39 |
| 25 | STROEHMANN LINE-HAUL L P | 665959 | 39 |
Recent inspections
Most recent roadside inspections that cited any sub-paragraph of 391.41.
| Inspection # | Date | State | Level | Variants cited | OOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 88970647 | Sep 11, 2026 | WY | L3 | 1 | OOS |
| 88970324 | Sep 11, 2026 | OR | L2 | 1 | OOS |
| 88970290 | Sep 11, 2026 | PA | L2 | 1 | OOS |
| 88970184 | Sep 11, 2026 | IN | L3 | 1 | OOS |
| 88970169 | Sep 11, 2026 | NC | L2 | 1 | OOS |
| 88970126 | Sep 11, 2026 | AL | L3 | 1 | OOS |
| 88970093 | Sep 11, 2026 | PA | L2 | 1 | OOS |
| 88970080 | Sep 11, 2026 | PA | L3 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969930 | Sep 11, 2026 | NE | L1 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969870 | Sep 11, 2026 | NC | L3 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969860 | Sep 11, 2026 | CT | L3 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969802 | Sep 11, 2026 | NJ | L1 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969747 | Sep 11, 2026 | AL | L2 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969671 | Sep 11, 2026 | KY | L3 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969597 | Sep 11, 2026 | NJ | L2 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969522 | Sep 11, 2026 | KS | L2 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969494 | Sep 11, 2026 | MA | L1 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969457 | Sep 11, 2026 | AR | L2 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969340 | Sep 11, 2026 | MA | L1 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969332 | Sep 11, 2026 | NJ | L1 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969297 | Sep 11, 2026 | WY | L1 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969278 | Sep 11, 2026 | KS | L3 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969211 | Sep 11, 2026 | PA | L2 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969143 | Sep 11, 2026 | PA | L2 | 1 | OOS |
| 88969077 | Sep 11, 2026 | IA | L3 | 1 | OOS |
How to comply with FMCSR section 391.41
- Locate the regulation in the eCFR. Open https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/section-391.41 on eCFR.gov to read the legal text the citation is written against. The eCFR is the National Archives' continuously updated electronic Code of Federal Regulations and is the canonical reference for any FMCSR section.
- Determine if your operation is subject. Confirm whether your operation is interstate (always subject to the FMCSR) or intrastate (subject when your state has adopted 49 CFR Part 350 by reference; most have). Intrastate operators in non-adopting states may be subject to a state analog instead of the federal rule.
- Identify the documented requirement. Read the regulation text from Step 1 and identify the specific equipment, driver document, or operational practice the rule covers. Citations under 391.41 hinge on whether that specific requirement was met at the moment of the inspection.
- Inspect or maintain to standard. Build a recurring inspection or training routine that catches this defect before a roadside inspector does. Because 391.41 is OOS-eligible, a single citation can park the truck or driver until the condition is corrected — pre-trip checks, scheduled PMs, and supervisor reviews are the cheap places to find it.
- Document compliance to demonstrate it on review. Keep a dated, signed record of each inspection, repair, training session, or filing tied to 391.41. During an FMCSA compliance review or a customer onboarding audit, the documentation is what proves the program runs — undocumented compliance is indistinguishable from non-compliance to the auditor.
Frequently asked questions about 391.41
What is FMCSA violation code 391.41? ▾
Is 391.41 an out-of-service violation? ▾
What's the severity weight of 391.41? ▾
How many inspections have cited 391.41? ▾
Which BASIC category is 391.41 in? ▾
What does a carrier do to fix 391.41? ▾
Where can I find related violation codes? ▾
Where can I find the full text of 391.41? ▾
About FMCSA violation codes
Every violation found during an FMCSA roadside inspection is recorded under a code drawn from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations — the codified safety rules motor carriers, drivers, and commercial motor vehicles must comply with in interstate commerce. Codes roll up into one of seven Behavior Analysis and Safety Improvement Categories (BASICs). Each code carries a published severity weight (1–10) and an Out-of-Service eligibility flag.
Section headings (like the one on this page) aren't themselves enforceable codes — FMCSA inspectors cite the specific paragraph that the carrier failed, and FMCSA's violation dictionary tracks each paragraph as its own row. The aggregate view here sums citations issued against every sub-paragraph of 391.41, including out-of-service rate, top enforcing states, most-cited carriers, and recent inspections. Pick a sub-paragraph above to see its specific definition, severity weight, and citation trend.
TruckCodex mirrors the FMCSA Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) and the published violation dictionary on a daily refresh cycle. Carriers who believe a citation was recorded in error can file a Request for Data Review through the FMCSA DataQs system within 24 months of the inspection date.