TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC
USDOT 3020065 • 3501 OLD GRANBURY RD, GRANBURY, TX, 76049
Overview
Company profile from FMCSA Census File
Authority & Insurance
Operating authority, insurance filings, and BOC-3 status
Operating Authority
| Authority Type | Docket # | Status | Original Date | Final Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common Carrier | MC-033889 | ACTIVE | Unknown | Mar 23, 2026 |
Active Insurance (1)
| Insurer | Type | Policy # | Status | Effective | Cancel Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS TRANSVERSE INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | TI TS CA0001545 00 | ON FILE | Nov 25, 2025 | Mar 22, 2026 |
Insurance History (23 canceled/expired)
| Insurer | Type | Policy # | Status | Effective | Cancel Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS TRANSVERSE INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | TI TS CA0001545 00 | CANCELLED | May 27, 2025 | Dec 21, 2025 |
| MS TRANSVERSE INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | TI TS CA0001545 00 | REPLACED | May 27, 2025 | Nov 25, 2025 |
| MS TRANSVERSE INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | TI TS CA0001545 00 | CANCELLED | Mar 22, 2025 | Jun 15, 2025 |
| GUIDEONE INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | 62P101446 | CANCELLED | Mar 22, 2024 | Apr 18, 2025 |
| GUIDEONE INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | 62P101446 | REPLACED | Mar 22, 2024 | Mar 22, 2025 |
| TRISURA SPECIALTY INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | FFP10672022 | REPLACED | Mar 22, 2022 | Mar 22, 2024 |
| CLEAR BLUE INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | AQ1YTX004739-00 | CANCELLED | Oct 6, 2021 | Mar 22, 2022 |
| CLEAR BLUE INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | AQ1YTX004739-00 | REPLACED | Mar 22, 2021 | Oct 6, 2021 |
| CLEAR BLUE INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | AQ1YTX004739-00 | CANCELLED | Mar 22, 2021 | Nov 2, 2021 |
| HUDSON INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | WDTT2010098 | CANCELLED | Nov 6, 2020 | Mar 27, 2021 |
| HUDSON INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | WDTT2010098 | REPLACED | Nov 6, 2020 | Mar 22, 2021 |
| HUDSON INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | WDTT2010098 | CANCELLED | Aug 5, 2020 | Nov 6, 2020 |
| HUDSON INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | WDTT2010098 | CANCELLED | Jul 5, 2020 | Aug 5, 2020 |
| HUDSON INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | WDTT2010098 | CANCELLED | Mar 22, 2020 | Jul 5, 2020 |
| UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYDS LONDON | BIPD/Primary | 2623TDUBMDJ19L6165 | CANCELLED | Mar 22, 2019 | Jul 15, 2019 |
| UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYDS LONDON | BIPD/Primary | 2623TDUBMDJ19L6165 | REPLACED | Mar 22, 2019 | Mar 22, 2020 |
| UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYDS LONDON | BIPD/Primary | 2623TDUBMDJ19L6165 | REPLACED | Mar 22, 2019 | Mar 22, 2019 |
| UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYDS LONDON | BIPD/Primary | 2623TDUBMDJ19L6165 | REPLACED | Mar 22, 2019 | Mar 22, 2019 |
| UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYDS LONDON | BIPD/Primary | 2623TDUBMDJ18L4254 | CANCELLED | Mar 22, 2018 | Mar 22, 2019 |
| HALLMARK COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | T42500042 | REPLACED | Jul 15, 2017 | Mar 22, 2018 |
| HALLMARK COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | T42500042 | CANCELLED | Jul 15, 2017 | Sep 7, 2017 |
| HALLMARK COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | T42500042 | REPLACED | Jul 15, 2017 | Jul 15, 2017 |
| HALLMARK COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY | BIPD/Primary | T42500042 | REPLACED | Jul 15, 2017 | Jul 15, 2017 |
Insurance Events Timeline
| Event | Insurer | Policy # | Type | Event Date | Cancel Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CANCEL | MS TRANSVERSE INSURANCE COMPANY | TI TS CA0001545 00 | BIPD/Primary | Mar 22, 2026 | Mar 22, 2026 |
| TERM/CANCL | MS TRANSVERSE INSURANCE COMPANY | TI TS CA0001545 00 | BIPD/Primary | Dec 21, 2025 | Dec 21, 2025 |
| TERM/REPL | MS TRANSVERSE INSURANCE COMPANY | TI TS CA0001545 00 | BIPD/Primary | Nov 25, 2025 | Nov 25, 2025 |
| CANCEL | MS TRANSVERSE INSURANCE COMPANY | TI TS CA0001545 00 | BIPD/Primary | Jun 15, 2025 | Jun 15, 2025 |
| TERM/CANCL | GUIDEONE INSURANCE COMPANY | 62P101446 | BIPD/Primary | Apr 18, 2025 | Apr 18, 2025 |
| TERM/REPL | GUIDEONE INSURANCE COMPANY | 62P101446 | BIPD/Primary | Mar 22, 2025 | Mar 22, 2025 |
| TERM/REPL | TRISURA SPECIALTY INSURANCE COMPANY | FFP10672022 | BIPD/Primary | Mar 22, 2024 | Mar 22, 2024 |
| CANCEL | CLEAR BLUE INSURANCE COMPANY | AQ1YTX004739-00 | BIPD/Primary | Mar 22, 2022 | Mar 22, 2022 |
| TERM/CANCL | CLEAR BLUE INSURANCE COMPANY | AQ1YTX004739-00 | BIPD/Primary | Nov 2, 2021 | Nov 2, 2021 |
| TERM/REPL | CLEAR BLUE INSURANCE COMPANY | AQ1YTX004739-00 | BIPD/Primary | Oct 6, 2021 | Oct 6, 2021 |
| TERM/CANCL | HUDSON INSURANCE COMPANY | WDTT2010098 | BIPD/Primary | Mar 27, 2021 | Mar 27, 2021 |
| TERM/REPL | HUDSON INSURANCE COMPANY | WDTT2010098 | BIPD/Primary | Mar 22, 2021 | Mar 22, 2021 |
| CANCEL | HUDSON INSURANCE COMPANY | WDTT2010098 | BIPD/Primary | Nov 6, 2020 | Nov 6, 2020 |
| CANCEL | HUDSON INSURANCE COMPANY | WDTT2010098 | BIPD/Primary | Aug 5, 2020 | Aug 5, 2020 |
| CANCEL | HUDSON INSURANCE COMPANY | WDTT2010098 | BIPD/Primary | Jul 5, 2020 | Jul 5, 2020 |
| TERM/REPL | UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYDS LONDON | 2623TDUBMDJ19L6165 | BIPD/Primary | Mar 22, 2020 | Mar 22, 2020 |
| TERM/CANCL | UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYDS LONDON | 2623TDUBMDJ19L6165 | BIPD/Primary | Jul 15, 2019 | Jul 15, 2019 |
| CANCEL | UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYDS LONDON | 2623TDUBMDJ18L4254 | BIPD/Primary | Mar 22, 2019 | Mar 22, 2019 |
| TERM/REPL | UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYDS LONDON | 2623TDUBMDJ19L6165 | BIPD/Primary | Mar 22, 2019 | Mar 22, 2019 |
| TERM/REPL | UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYDS LONDON | 2623TDUBMDJ19L6165 | BIPD/Primary | Mar 22, 2019 | Mar 22, 2019 |
| TERM/REPL | HALLMARK COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY | T42500042 | BIPD/Primary | Mar 22, 2018 | Mar 22, 2018 |
| TERM/CANCL | HALLMARK COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY | T42500042 | BIPD/Primary | Sep 7, 2017 | Sep 7, 2017 |
| TERM/REPL | HALLMARK COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY | T42500042 | BIPD/Primary | Jul 15, 2017 | Jul 15, 2017 |
| TERM/REPL | HALLMARK COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY | T42500042 | BIPD/Primary | Jul 15, 2017 | Jul 15, 2017 |
Authority Action History (12 events)
| Docket | Authority Type | Original Action | Served Date | Disposition | Decided Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MC033889 | COMMON | INVOLUNTARY REVOCATION | Feb 23, 2026 | DISCONTINUED REVOCATION | Mar 23, 2026 |
| MC033889 | COMMON | INVOLUNTARY REVOCATION | Nov 24, 2025 | DISCONTINUED REVOCATION | Nov 26, 2025 |
| MC033889 | COMMON | INVOLUNTARY REVOCATION | May 19, 2025 | DISCONTINUED REVOCATION | Jun 18, 2025 |
| MC033889 | COMMON | INVOLUNTARY REVOCATION | Feb 23, 2022 | DISCONTINUED REVOCATION | Mar 21, 2022 |
| MC033889 | COMMON | INVOLUNTARY REVOCATION | Oct 6, 2021 | DISCONTINUED REVOCATION | Oct 7, 2021 |
| MC033889 | COMMON | INVOLUNTARY REVOCATION | Mar 1, 2021 | DISCONTINUED REVOCATION | Mar 19, 2021 |
| MC033889 | COMMON | INVOLUNTARY REVOCATION | Oct 13, 2020 | DISCONTINUED REVOCATION | Nov 6, 2020 |
| MC033889 | COMMON | INVOLUNTARY REVOCATION | Jul 9, 2020 | DISCONTINUED REVOCATION | Aug 5, 2020 |
| MC033889 | COMMON | INVOLUNTARY REVOCATION | Jun 8, 2020 | DISCONTINUED REVOCATION | Jun 25, 2020 |
| MC033889 | COMMON | INVOLUNTARY REVOCATION | Jun 18, 2019 | DISCONTINUED REVOCATION | Jul 15, 2019 |
| MC033889 | COMMON | INVOLUNTARY REVOCATION | Feb 25, 2019 | DISCONTINUED REVOCATION | Mar 7, 2019 |
| MC033889 | MOTOR PROPERTY COMMON CARRIER | GRANTED | Jul 27, 2017 | — | Unknown |
Safety & Inspections
SMS BASIC scores, inspection history, and out-of-service rates
SMS BASIC Scores
Higher percentile = worse safety performance relative to peers. Scores at or above 75% trigger FMCSA alerts.
Inspection Activity (24 months)
Monthly inspection counts with OOS months highlighted. Hover bars for details.
Inspection Activity Map
4 states • 294 inspections
Violation Summary (228 violations from latest 100 of 294 inspections)
| Code | Description | # Violations | # OOS | Severity Wt | BASIC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FMCSR:392.2W | Operating a CMV while ill or fatigued | 38 | 0 | 8 | Unsafe Driving |
| FMCSR:393.9 | Inoperable Required Lamp | 18 | 1 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.9TS | Inoperative turn signal | 11 | 3 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:396.3A1 | Inspection repair and maintenance of parts and accessories | 10 | 0 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:392.2RG | Operating a CMV while ill or fatigued | 9 | 0 | 8 | Unsafe Driving |
| FMCSR:393.47E | Slack adjuster defective | 8 | 0 | 7 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.75A3 | Tire-flat and/or audible air leak | 8 | 7 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.83G | Exhaust - Discharging at a point forward or directly below the driver or sleeper compartment | 7 | 0 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.9H | Inoperable head lamps | 6 | 0 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:396.3A1B | Brakes (general) Explain: | 6 | 0 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.78 | Windshield condition defective | 6 | 0 | 4 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.55C2 | Coupling device/towing methods defective | 6 | 0 | 8 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.55E | Coupling device/towing methods defective | 6 | 0 | 8 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.11 | Lighting devices/reflectors | 5 | 0 | 3 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.60C | Glazing/window obstructions | 5 | 0 | 4 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.45B2UV | Brake tubing/hoses inadequate | 4 | 0 | 7 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.55C1 | Coupling device/towing methods defective | 4 | 0 | 8 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.11TL | Lighting devices/reflectors | 4 | 0 | 3 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.95A | Emergency equipment - fire extinguisher missing/defective | 3 | 0 | 5 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:395.8E1-PC | HOS - False record of duty status driver improper use of Personal Conveyance - Not OOS | 3 | 0 | — | Hours Of Service |
| FMCSR:393.53B | Steering system components worn | 3 | 0 | 7 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:396.17C | No proof of periodic inspection | 3 | 0 | 3 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:396.5B | Fuel system leak | 3 | 0 | 7 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.209E | Power steering violations | 2 | 0 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:396.3A1BOS | BRAKES OUT OF SERVICE: The number of defective brakes is equal to or greater than 20 percent of the service brakes on the vehicle or combination | 2 | 2 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.45DLUV | Brake tubing/hoses inadequate | 2 | 0 | 7 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.48A | Inoperative/defective brakes | 2 | 2 | 8 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:392.9A2-C | Cargo - Vehicle components or dunnage not secured | 2 | 2 | — | Unsafe Driving |
| FMCSR:393.45A-AJS | Brake tubing/hoses inadequate | 2 | 1 | 7 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.11TU | Lighting devices/reflectors | 2 | 0 | 3 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.45DLPC | Brake tubing/hoses inadequate | 2 | 0 | 7 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.75A3-TAOL | Tires - All others leaking or inflation less than 50% of the maximum inflation pressure on tire not equipped with ATIS | 2 | 2 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:392.2-SLLS1 | Speeding 1-5 mph over limit | 2 | 0 | 3 | Unsafe Driving |
| FMCSR:396.3A1BL | Brake system pressure loss | 2 | 2 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.9T | Inoperable tail lamp | 2 | 0 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.19 | Hazard warning signal inoperable | 1 | 0 | 3 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.207C | Leaf spring assembly defective/missing | 1 | 1 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.75A3-TAOLTIS | Tires - All others leaking in tread area and inflation less than 50% of the maximum inflation pressure on tire equipped with ATIS | 1 | 1 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.209D | Wheel fasteners loose/missing | 1 | 1 | 8 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:396.3A1-CH | Brake - Hole in Spring Brake Housing | 1 | 1 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:395.3A2-PROPN | Driving beyond 14 hour duty period (Property carrying vehicle) - Nominal Violation | 1 | 1 | — | Hours Of Service |
| FMCSR:395.8F01 | Drivers record of duty status not current | 1 | 0 | — | Hours Of Service |
| FMCSR:392.9A | Operating without proper operating authority | 1 | 1 | 8 | General/Admin |
| FMCSR:393.13D3 | Upper rear retroreflective sheeting or reflex reflective material as required for vehicles manufactured before December 1993 | 1 | 0 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.205C | Wheel fasteners loose and/or missing | 1 | 1 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.60D | Glazing/window obstructions | 1 | 0 | 4 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.13C2 | No Lower Rear retroreflective sheeting or reflex reflective material as required for vehicles manufactured before December 1993 | 1 | 0 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.24A | Lighting/marking on projecting loads | 1 | 0 | 3 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.95F | Emergency Equipment - Stopped vehicle warning devices missing or improper | 1 | 0 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:392.8 | Failing to inspect/use emergency equipment | 1 | 0 | — | Unsafe Driving |
| FMCSR:393.45B2PC | Brake tubing/hoses inadequate | 1 | 0 | 7 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.75A1 | Tire-ply or belt material exposed | 1 | 0 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.201A | Frame - cracked/loose/broken | 1 | 0 | 8 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.75C | Tire tread depth insufficient (other axles) | 1 | 0 | 5 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.55D1 | Coupling device/towing methods defective | 1 | 0 | 8 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.53B-B | Steering system components worn | 1 | 0 | 7 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:395.24C2III | Driver failed to manually add shipping document number | 1 | 0 | — | Hours Of Service |
| FMCSR:396.3A1-HC | Hubs - Hub cap missing or broken | 1 | 1 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.11LR | Lighting devices/reflectors | 1 | 0 | 3 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:396.3A1-TRDL | Tie Rods / Drag Links - Defective Clamps / Holes / Missing nuts | 1 | 1 | — | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:393.45PC | Brake tubing/hoses inadequate | 1 | 0 | 7 | Vehicle Maintenance |
| FMCSR:395.20B | Short-haul operations - timecard not maintained | 1 | 0 | 3 | Hours Of Service |
| FMCSR:393.47C | Brake actuators/chambers defective | 1 | 0 | 7 | Vehicle Maintenance |
Peer Context
This carrier vs national averages. Lower is better for all metrics.
National averages: vehicle OOS 23.4%, driver OOS 6.7%, violations per inspection ~1.8. Based on FMCSA MCSAP program data.
Inspection History (294 inspections)
Showing 50 of 294
Inspection analytics
Monthly cadence, frequent stations, and violation mix
Inspections per month (24 mo)
Most frequent inspection stations
Violations by BASIC category
Recent Crashes
25 crash records from FMCSA Crash File
Crash History (25 records)
| Date | State | Severity | Fatalities | Injuries | City | Location | VIN | Carrier Name at Crash |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mar 6, 2026 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | NOT LISTED | NOT REPORTED | ...469332 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Feb 17, 2026 | TX | INJURY | 0 | 1 | BURLESON | CHISHOLM TRAIL PKWY | ...496239 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Jan 8, 2026 | TX | INJURY | 0 | 2 | WEATHERFORD | S 2500 MAIN ST | ...W48439 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Sep 17, 2025 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | GRANBURY | E 4300 NOT REPORTED | ...043549 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| May 13, 2025 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | NOT LISTED | NOT REPORTED | ...MN5005 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| May 5, 2025 | TX | INJURY | 0 | 1 | LAREDO | 30000 FM 1472 RD | ...782961 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Apr 30, 2025 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | NOT LISTED | NOT REPORTED | ...496239 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Mar 30, 2025 | TX | INJURY | 0 | 1 | NOT LISTED | 16575 NOT REPORTED | ...297468 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Nov 5, 2024 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | NOT LISTED | 20200 NORTH FWY | ...FH3932 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Oct 18, 2024 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | NOT LISTED | NOT REPORTED | ...160791 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Jan 27, 2024 | TX | INJURY | 0 | 1 | NOT LISTED | NOT REPORTED | ...HD9120 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Dec 6, 2023 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | NOT LISTED | NOT REPORTED | ...311540 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Jul 31, 2023 | TX | INJURY | 0 | 3 | NOT LISTED | NOT REPORTED | ...GA4446 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Nov 9, 2022 | TX | INJURY | 0 | 1 | SAN ANTONIO | 10400 ROOSEVELT AVE | ...FK6384 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Sep 20, 2022 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | LEWISVILLE | N 1800 I35E | ...L92214 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Jun 15, 2022 | TX | INJURY | 0 | 1 | NOT LISTED | NOT REPORTED | ...758062 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Oct 14, 2021 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | NOT LISTED | NOT REPORTED | ...135040 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Oct 13, 2021 | TX | INJURY | 0 | 1 | NOT LISTED | NOT REPORTED | ...H11973 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Sep 28, 2021 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | NOT LISTED | S 3850 LOOP 1604 W | ...137927 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Jul 1, 2021 | TX | INJURY | 0 | 2 | BRYAN | E 2100 SH 21 | ...U84341 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| Feb 20, 2021 | TX | INJURY | 0 | 1 | PEARSALL | N 100 BLOCK MESQUITE ST | ...117460 | TEX SAND TRANSPORT LLC |
| May 4, 2020 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| Mar 7, 2020 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| Aug 30, 2019 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| Jul 14, 2019 | TX | TOW | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
Compliance Timeline
50 events merged from authority, insurance, enforcement, OOS, crash, MCS-150, and safety rating records
Showing most recent 25 of 50 events