FMCSA Violation Code Reference
Browse all Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulation (FMCSR) violation codes ranked by citation frequency. Filter by BASIC category, OOS eligibility, or search by code number.
Violation Codes
3,146
BASIC Categories
11
Total Cited
13,023,843
Overall OOS Rate
17.5%
BASIC Categories
Select a category to filter
Vehicle Maintenance
21.0%1,339 codes7,809,333 cited
Unsafe Driving
216 codes3,025,638 cited
Hours of Service
16.3%312 codes1,170,331 cited
Driver Fitness
59.9%119 codes493,083 cited
General/Admin
168 codes413,962 cited
Hazardous Materials
28.3%889 codes75,516 cited
Unknown
41 codes18,680 cited
Controlled Substances/Alcohol
97.3%38 codes16,322 cited
Hazardous Materials Compliance
19 codes967 cited
Hours-of-Service Compliance
36.4%2 codes11 cited
Crash Indicator
3 codes
OOS Eligible Only119 codes • Page 1 of 3
All Violation Codes
Ranked by citation frequency
| Rank ▼ | Code | Description | OOS | Times Cited ▼ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | 383.23(a)(2) | CDL - wrong class | OOS | 50,385 |
| #2 | 391.41APC | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency | \u2014 | 49,539 |
| #3 | 383.23A2-LCDLN | License (CDL) - Operate a CMV and does not possess a valid CDL | \u2014 | 47,123 |
| #4 | 391.41(a) | Physical qualification - general | OOS | 42,270 |
| #5 | 391.11B2-Z | Border Zone - Driver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) as per FMCSA Enforcement Guidance Memo MC-SEE-2025-0001. | \u2014 | 42,240 |
| #6 | 391.41(a)(1) | 391.41(a)(1) | \u2014 | 35,686 |
| #7 | 391.41A-MCPC | Physical qualification - general | \u2014 | 30,779 |
| #8 | 391.11B2-Q | Driver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) as per FMCSA Enforcement Guidance Memo MC-SEE-2025-0001. Driver failed the I | \u2014 | 23,688 |
| #9 | 383.23A2 | Operating a CMV without a CDL | \u2014 | 21,829 |
| #10 | 391.11(b)(4) | No valid medical certificate | OOS | 11,706 |
| #11 | 391.41A | Physical qualification - general | \u2014 | 11,387 |
| #12 | 391.45(b) | Expired medical examiner's certificate | \u2014 | 9,698 |
| #13 | 391.11(b)(2) | CDL suspended/revoked | OOS | 8,078 |
| #14 | 383.51(a) | CDL disqualification - major offense | OOS | 7,710 |
| #15 | 391.41B10-MC | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a commercial vehicle without corrective lenses or hearing aid as indicated on the driver's medical certificate | \u2014 | 7,463 |
| #16 | 391.11(b)(5) | Not physically qualified | OOS | 7,431 |
| #17 | 391.11B5-LNCDLNVL | License - Operate a CMV without a valid operators license issued by one State or jurisdiction | \u2014 | 6,181 |
| #18 | 383.95A-LCDL | Restriction - (CDL) - Operate a CMV in violation of a restriction | \u2014 | 5,296 |
| #19 | 391.15(a) | Driving while disqualified | OOS | 5,115 |
| #20 | 383.71(h) | License (CDL) - CDL or CLP holder possesses a valid medical certificate but is not on file with the issuing state driver's licensing agency as required | \u2014 | 4,444 |
| #21 | 391.15A-LNCDLNSRW | Driving while disqualified | \u2014 | 4,199 |
| #22 | 383.51A-SIN | CDL disqualification - major offense | \u2014 | 4,130 |
| #23 | 391.11B4 | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a CDL (passenger or property carrying) vehicle that is non-excepted and the driver has self-certified as excepted interstate or | \u2014 | 4,026 |
| #24 | 391.11B5-LNCDLNVE | License - Endorsement - Operate a CMV without proper endorsement or in violation of restriction. NOTE: Other than a 391.41 violation. | \u2014 | 3,581 |
| #25 | 383.71H | License (CDL) - CDL or CLP holder possesses a valid medical certificate but is not on file with the issuing state driver's licensing agency as required | \u2014 | 3,332 |
| #26 | 383.23A2-LCDLNP | License (CDL) - Operate a CMV while not in possession of a CDL on person | \u2014 | 3,246 |
| #27 | 383.51A-LCDLRSWD | CDL disqualification - major offense | \u2014 | 2,597 |
| #28 | 391.41A-MCPVI | Physical qualification - general | \u2014 | 2,527 |
| #29 | 391.41A1-NPH | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate - no previous history | \u2014 | 2,429 |
| #30 | 391.11B2-S | Driver must be able to understand highway traffic signs and signals in the English language | \u2014 | 2,375 |
| #31 | 383.91A-LCDL | No CDL endorsement | \u2014 | 2,271 |
| #32 | 383.91(a) | No CDL endorsement | OOS | 1,821 |
| #33 | 391.11B2 | Driver cannot read or speak the English language sufficiently to respond to official inquiries | \u2014 | 1,802 |
| #34 | 391.45B | Expired medical examiner's certificate | \u2014 | 1,782 |
| #35 | 391.45A-MCEM | No medical exam certificate | \u2014 | 1,596 |
| #36 | 383.95-LCDL | RESTRICTION - (CDL) - OPERATE A CMV IN VIOLATION OF A RESTRICTION. | \u2014 | 1,561 |
| #37 | 391.11B4-DEN | Driver operating a CMV without proper endorsements or in violation of restrictions | \u2014 | 1,442 |
| #38 | 391.41(a)-FPC | Physical qualification - general | \u2014 | 1,338 |
| #39 | 383.23A2-LCDL | Endorsements - (CDL) - Operate a CMV without proper endorsements on operators license | \u2014 | 1,331 |
| #40 | 383.51A-NSIN | CDL disqualification - major offense | \u2014 | 1,331 |
| #41 | 391.11(b)(1) | No valid CDL | OOS | 1,141 |
| #42 | 391.45B-MCEM | Driver who has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle during the preceding 24 months | \u2014 | 1,139 |
| #43 | 383.51A-SOUT | CDL disqualification - major offense | \u2014 | 1,114 |
| #44 | 391.11B1-A | Age - Operate a CMV while not at least 21 years of age in interstate commerce | \u2014 | 1,012 |
| #45 | 391.11B5-DNL | Driver does not have a valid operator's license for the CMV being operated | \u2014 | 952 |
| #46 | 391.11A-QMC | Unqualified driver | \u2014 | 857 |
| #47 | 383.21 | Operating a CMV with more than 1 driver license | \u2014 | 811 |
| #48 | 383.51A-NSOUT | CDL disqualification - major offense | \u2014 | 803 |
| #49 | 383.71C-LCDL | 383.71C-LCDL | \u2014 | 756 |
| #50 | 383.25A1 | Learner's Permit (CLP) - Is not accompanied by the holder of a valid CDL that is fully authorized to operate the CMV. | \u2014 | 752 |
About Violation Codes
Each violation found during a roadside inspection is assigned a code from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (49 CFR Parts 350-399) or Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR Parts 171-180). These codes map to one of seven BASIC categories used in the FMCSA Safety Measurement System (SMS).
Violations flagged as Out-of-Service (OOS) indicate conditions severe enough to remove a vehicle or driver from service until corrected. OOS violations carry more weight in SMS percentile calculations.
Carriers and drivers who believe a violation was recorded in error can file a Request for Data Review (DataQs) through the FMCSA DataQs system.
Data sources & freshness
FMCSA Vehicle Inspections and Violations
Violation event counts are pre-computed from 13M+ inspection records. Counts are refreshed daily.
Unknown freshness